immune system :mechanism, types of immunity

Immunity

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The immunity is the built-in defense mechanism in our body to safeguard the body itself from any foreign bodies {foreign body (microbes/pathogens/sometimes allergens)}.

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Content

Immunity: define

How immunity works: mechanism (simple method & easy to understand)

Types of immunity

…With examples

Innate immunity

Immunity facts

Acquired immunity

Mechanism of acquired immunity

Active immunity

Passive immunity

Artificial & natural passive immunity

Immunity overview article

 

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How immunity works: mechanism (simple method & easy to understand)

 

Let us correlate as our bodies with some countries.

In addition, also let our antibodies are the police.

Let one assume that one/some of the police🚔 have located terrorist (foreign body (microbe/pathogen/sometimes allergens).

Now this police🚨👮‍ an officer will first visualize the type and danger💀 from that terrorist etc. all data about it.

After that, it will make weapons⚔ according to that invader terrorist (these weapons in our body known as #antibodies#).

Body’s immunity uses these (🔫) weapons to kill these foreigner pathogens

Types of immunity:-

Broadly, Immunity has two categories

1.    Innate immunity:-

Innate immunity refers to that immunity that we have inherited from our parents, in simple words, innate immunity is the immunity that we gain/got from the very beginning of childhood.

For example:

·         As we born, we have already our skin that protects us from any microbe to protrude in our body,

·         We have tears in our eyes (secreted by lacrimal gland) that also acts as a barrier for microbes to invade inside the body.

·         In addition, our HCL in stomach{(hydrochloric acid) helps in digestion}, ear wax, mucus, and bile juices, etc. are innately present in our body #god #gifted_😁

Moreover, in children, there is thymus gland that plays a significant role in the training of WBC (white blood cells/corpuscles) in children that protects the child from the invaded bacteria.

💡the thymus gland is shrunken at the age, we attain puberty, as till then we ⏬acquire⏬ some immunity in ourselves, so need of it in adults.

2.    Acquired immunity

Acquired immunity refers to that immunity that we have to learn or gain through the experience, or you may understand as when our body fight with the microbes/foreign bodies our body learns the techniques (memory cells) to fight with them.

For example:

·         You may have observed that if a person had suffered from the disease chickenpox once, then this virus throughout the life does not affect him again.

 

o   This is because read the mechanism below:

 

 

·         A child is more prone to be the prey of diseases than a normal aged person is. 

U   until then we have acquired a quite wider range of (immunity) acquired immunity.

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Mechanism of acquired immunity

The mechanism of the acquired immunity is quite very simple to understand.

As you read: {How immunity works: mechanism (made it easy to understand)}.👈 this paragraph above, here body is related country and immunity are soldiers

Let we assume once in a fight with some pathogen, X (maybe corona too) our body fight and win.

However, our body has so intelligence that it keeps a record of that pathogen in the form of the memory cells that lives a quite long life.

 Hence, these memory cells have every information that these pathogen/virus/bacteria’s, etc. weaknesses and which the weapon is most suitable for killing them, like its sensitiveness toward any specific chemicals etc.

That is why our immunity strengthens with time and termed as the acquired immunity.

Active immunity

Active immunity is the immunity that an individual has its own immunity either innate or acquired.

Passive immunity

Passive immunity is the immunity that an individual gains from the environment either natural or artificial way.

Natural passive immunity

When a mother feeds her chest milk to the baby, then one specific antibody “IgA” is present in it (milk).

Hence, this above-discussed method, when an individual, provided with the immunity by outer but natural means is known as natural passive immunity.

Artificial passive immunity

 

When we go for the vaccination, then some of the killed or deactivated bacteria, artificially injected in our body. Which trains our immune system against that set of bacteria for better future response.

Hence, this above-discussed method, where immunity, provided by an external mean as well as artificial methods, refers to the artificial passive immunity.

Topic – Immunity: an overview

 

The immune system is a protective mechanism designed to perpetuate the survival of the organism.

 It has achieved by preventing the ever imminent, microbial invasion. These microbes present themselves in the form of bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites.

 The immune system could be subdivided into two parts. The innate immunity and acquired immune system, both function to protect against invading organisms, and while they differ in numerous ways. Their main parts of differentiation are how they respond to the situation.

 To protect the organism against these microbes, the immune system must be able to discriminate between what is self-part of the organism and what is not.

Antibodies (soldiers) is composed of protein molecules, formed after early childhood; most of the immune cells produce in the bone marrow. Some of these then undergo very significant secondary education before they released to patrol the body, which means: first, they need to train specifically for specific functions.

Everyone’s immune system is different but, as a general rule related to the immune system, is that it becomes stronger during adulthood. As, by this time (adulthood), we have already exposed to more pathogens and developed more immunity (read the whole mechanism above). That is why teens and adults tend to get sick lesser than children.

 Once an antibody has produced, a copy remains in the body so that if the same antigen appears again, so, it could be dealt more quickly and effectively responsive. That’s why some diseases, such as chickenpox, that you only get it affected once in your life, as the body has chickenpox antibody stored(#memory cells) above discussed.  Moreover, they are ready and just waiting to destroy that specific pathogen in the next meeting. This called immunity.

💡 (fact): About 70-80 people of the immune cells live in the gastrointestinal tract along with the 100 trillion gut bacteria that make the gut @microbiota.

The gut is the major entrance for the pathogens, toxins, and allergens as well. Therefore, one of the major roles of the immune system in the gastrointestinal tract is to distinguish between harmless antigens,( such as food), and health-hazardous substances.

 The development of a healthy immune system is therefore reliant on the establishment of healthy gut microbiota and must be cared well from early childhood. Which directly linked to the nutrition, increasing pieces of evidence suggests that specific ingredient such as – pre, pro, and symbiotic can positively influence the development of a healthy immune system.

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